Every year, thousands of salamanders in the United States, a trade that should be stopped immediately, on the shores of the arrival of shipments of live, say scientists...
According to new research, Salamander Salamander killed almost all of which are affected by the ban on importation of killer fungus, is very important to stop the spread. Also known as Bsal salamandrivorans Batrachochytrium, a type of single-celled fungus, and mushrooms frog species worldwide, which threatens Batrachochytrium (BD), dendrobatidis close..
A fire that began in the Netherlands salamanders die in droves after the Bsal first discovered in 2013. Since then, the fungus has appeared in Belgium. Bsal the researchers found, and spread through the pet trade, originated in Asia. [Album: Exotic frogs, lizards, salamanders]
The risk that trade in North America, the researchers in the journal Science (July 30) said today. The world center for salamander diversity of the continent; North and Central America and 48 percent of all known species of salamander. Bsal in this species is the most prone.
"This is the epicenter of amphibian diversity in the world, and the fungus gets here, it will be devastating," study author Vance Vredenburg, said biologist at the University of San Francisco.
Save salamanders
BD-Fitr, the story of the frog in North America, warned of a high risk of salamanders. The thickness of their skin fungus attack and it killed the frogs. Water absorbs through the skin of amphibians, because the end of the infection and dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and causing cardiac arrest.
BD act quickly. Mountain yellow-legged frog in just four years, 0.75 per cent of the population in the Sierra Nevada mountains to kill the fungus. The disease spread throughout the world. February, researchers BD, found in Madagascar is an island, has long been considered free of the disease are reported in the scientific journal wrote.
"Tens of thousands of animals are dying in front of me, I saw destruction on a scale that is just incredible," Life Sciences, Scientific Research, who has for decades BD Vredenburg said.
Guards and salamander eggs Ensatina. The salamanders live in the Sierra Nevada mountains, and Reg ...
Bsal exactly the same way, that is destructive. Asia, where the mushrooms on a large scale does not appear vulnerable to the effects of infection in amphibians. But the population of the salamander, which did not evolve along with the mushrooms for the first time, open, and when the results were disastrous. Europe, with almost 96 per cent mortality rate among salamanders, found in a previous study.
Spreading Close
North America soon, carrying the fungus Asian salamanders welcoming people from areas where it is most likely to land on the shores of the appointment of Vredenburg and colleagues fear that Bsal. Next, the researchers map a bit of that species richness, connected or how many kinds of salamander live in the region.
Southern United States, the southern Appalachian mountains, hot variety of issues, including: the information they salamander diversity of fungi, foreign companies are particularly vulnerable because of the combined high and welcoming the release of the three spots. The mountains of central Mexico. And the Pacific Northwest and the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Researchers in this area, particularly in the Bsal Plethodontidae Salamandridae salamanders and many family homes. Family Salamandridae North America, newts, laboratory tests Bsal has a death rate of 100 per cent, the researchers said in 2013 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal. [Alien Invaders devastating Invasive Species]
Many of the hot spots of higher imports of live salamander US ports are dangerous, narrow, and the port is 99 per cent in Asia, a single-celled fungus salamanders chill trade from home. In 2010 and 2014, 768 572 salamanders Bsal US researchers have found that the bears arrived in the port. Top Los Angeles points of entry. Tampa, Florida. New York; Atlanta, and San Francisco. (Total 779 002 does not carry the risk of imported salamanders Bsal with a little more than 10,000, was at that time).
"Atlanta and San Francisco and really stood out as being very high-risk areas," Vredenburg said.
Bsal has hit a tough job, and how to predict exactly where, Karen Lips, a biologist at the University of Maryland guard who was involved in efforts to stop the fungus, but who do not participate in the current report. He made Vredenburg and his colleagues have good lips Life Sciences fortune, but the basic information is still scarce about Bsal.
. "And the one thing they can infect all types of problems do not know," Lips said. "[We really spreading the fungus] do not know the details of the requirements of the temperature", and we have no idea how the biology of the animals and the interaction of temperature and humidity requirements. "[7 Devastating Infectious Diseases]
Vredenburg and his colleagues immediately banned the import of live salamander to the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is claimed. USFWS Laury Parramore Life Sciences Marshall, a spokesman for the agency is deeply concerned about the spread of Bsal possible. However, the IAEA said Parramore harmful imports and the Lacey Act, which allows the species to prevent Interstate Transport, said there was a provision for the emergency list.
"We have to find creative solutions to problems from the state government colleagues and academic institutions, federal agencies, industry, and non-governmental organizations are working with," he said.
His lips Lacey Act is a century and only applies to vertebrates. It's not as soft as the fungus and parasites worms, or even made it to contain invertebrates. Beak wildlife observation and testing of advanced disease that can be imported to the efforts of the new law is part of the book.
"The story of Bahrain dinar has been adopted, and we know we need to be concerned about," Lips said. "We need to take seriously, and we will do everything we can to prevent the display."
Vredenburg Asian salamanders avoid buying the citizens and their representatives to take steps to control the exotic pet trade is run. The amphibian pets (or spiders) that do not release them in the wild with the people added.
"They are people somewhere in a nice little house, when these animals are released, they do not realize that they're the release of the nurses and the women did not go with them alive," he said.
According to new research, Salamander Salamander killed almost all of which are affected by the ban on importation of killer fungus, is very important to stop the spread. Also known as Bsal salamandrivorans Batrachochytrium, a type of single-celled fungus, and mushrooms frog species worldwide, which threatens Batrachochytrium (BD), dendrobatidis close..
A fire that began in the Netherlands salamanders die in droves after the Bsal first discovered in 2013. Since then, the fungus has appeared in Belgium. Bsal the researchers found, and spread through the pet trade, originated in Asia. [Album: Exotic frogs, lizards, salamanders]
The risk that trade in North America, the researchers in the journal Science (July 30) said today. The world center for salamander diversity of the continent; North and Central America and 48 percent of all known species of salamander. Bsal in this species is the most prone.
"This is the epicenter of amphibian diversity in the world, and the fungus gets here, it will be devastating," study author Vance Vredenburg, said biologist at the University of San Francisco.
Save salamanders
BD-Fitr, the story of the frog in North America, warned of a high risk of salamanders. The thickness of their skin fungus attack and it killed the frogs. Water absorbs through the skin of amphibians, because the end of the infection and dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and causing cardiac arrest.
BD act quickly. Mountain yellow-legged frog in just four years, 0.75 per cent of the population in the Sierra Nevada mountains to kill the fungus. The disease spread throughout the world. February, researchers BD, found in Madagascar is an island, has long been considered free of the disease are reported in the scientific journal wrote.
"Tens of thousands of animals are dying in front of me, I saw destruction on a scale that is just incredible," Life Sciences, Scientific Research, who has for decades BD Vredenburg said.
Guards and salamander eggs Ensatina. The salamanders live in the Sierra Nevada mountains, and Reg ...
Bsal exactly the same way, that is destructive. Asia, where the mushrooms on a large scale does not appear vulnerable to the effects of infection in amphibians. But the population of the salamander, which did not evolve along with the mushrooms for the first time, open, and when the results were disastrous. Europe, with almost 96 per cent mortality rate among salamanders, found in a previous study.
Spreading Close
North America soon, carrying the fungus Asian salamanders welcoming people from areas where it is most likely to land on the shores of the appointment of Vredenburg and colleagues fear that Bsal. Next, the researchers map a bit of that species richness, connected or how many kinds of salamander live in the region.
Southern United States, the southern Appalachian mountains, hot variety of issues, including: the information they salamander diversity of fungi, foreign companies are particularly vulnerable because of the combined high and welcoming the release of the three spots. The mountains of central Mexico. And the Pacific Northwest and the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Researchers in this area, particularly in the Bsal Plethodontidae Salamandridae salamanders and many family homes. Family Salamandridae North America, newts, laboratory tests Bsal has a death rate of 100 per cent, the researchers said in 2013 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal. [Alien Invaders devastating Invasive Species]
Many of the hot spots of higher imports of live salamander US ports are dangerous, narrow, and the port is 99 per cent in Asia, a single-celled fungus salamanders chill trade from home. In 2010 and 2014, 768 572 salamanders Bsal US researchers have found that the bears arrived in the port. Top Los Angeles points of entry. Tampa, Florida. New York; Atlanta, and San Francisco. (Total 779 002 does not carry the risk of imported salamanders Bsal with a little more than 10,000, was at that time).
"Atlanta and San Francisco and really stood out as being very high-risk areas," Vredenburg said.
Bsal has hit a tough job, and how to predict exactly where, Karen Lips, a biologist at the University of Maryland guard who was involved in efforts to stop the fungus, but who do not participate in the current report. He made Vredenburg and his colleagues have good lips Life Sciences fortune, but the basic information is still scarce about Bsal.
. "And the one thing they can infect all types of problems do not know," Lips said. "[We really spreading the fungus] do not know the details of the requirements of the temperature", and we have no idea how the biology of the animals and the interaction of temperature and humidity requirements. "[7 Devastating Infectious Diseases]
Vredenburg and his colleagues immediately banned the import of live salamander to the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is claimed. USFWS Laury Parramore Life Sciences Marshall, a spokesman for the agency is deeply concerned about the spread of Bsal possible. However, the IAEA said Parramore harmful imports and the Lacey Act, which allows the species to prevent Interstate Transport, said there was a provision for the emergency list.
"We have to find creative solutions to problems from the state government colleagues and academic institutions, federal agencies, industry, and non-governmental organizations are working with," he said.
His lips Lacey Act is a century and only applies to vertebrates. It's not as soft as the fungus and parasites worms, or even made it to contain invertebrates. Beak wildlife observation and testing of advanced disease that can be imported to the efforts of the new law is part of the book.
"The story of Bahrain dinar has been adopted, and we know we need to be concerned about," Lips said. "We need to take seriously, and we will do everything we can to prevent the display."
Vredenburg Asian salamanders avoid buying the citizens and their representatives to take steps to control the exotic pet trade is run. The amphibian pets (or spiders) that do not release them in the wild with the people added.
"They are people somewhere in a nice little house, when these animals are released, they do not realize that they're the release of the nurses and the women did not go with them alive," he said.